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介绍了近年对TIG(钨极惰性气体保护焊)和PLASMA(等离子体)焊接、切割用钨电极材料的研究进展和应用情况 ,着重对稀土钨电极材料及稀土氧化物作用等有关研究问题进行了讨论。对W -La2O3、W -CeO2、W -Y2O3 电极材料的热电子发射能力和稳定性研究表明 :在中小电流时2.2-wt%La2O3-W电极具有较好的电子发射能力和稳定性 ,钇钨和铈钨次之 ;在大电流工作时 ,钇钨电极热电子发射能力和稳定性最好。对制备的二元复合稀土钨电极(W -La2O3-Y2O3、W -La2O3-CeO2、W -Y2O3-CeO2)和三元稀土钨电极(W -La2O3-Y2O3-CeO2)的性能与单元稀土钨电极材料(W -La2O3、W -CeO2、W -Y2O3)和钍钨电极材料进行了比较。结果表明 ,复合稀土钨电极材料的焊接电弧性能优于单元稀土钨电极和钍钨电极。但它们的性能又各不相同 ,可适应交流焊、薄板和中厚板不同焊接工作的需求。研究表明、电极的使用性能强烈依赖于稀土金属氧化物。燃弧过程中它们的行为是影响电极使用性能、电极温度、逸出功和电极稳定性的最重要的因素。
The research progress and application of TIG (tungsten inert gas shielded arc welding) and PLASMA (plasma) welding and cutting tungsten electrode materials in recent years are introduced, and the related research issues such as the effect of rare earth tungsten electrode materials and rare earth oxides are emphasized discuss. The research on the thermionic emission and stability of W-La2O3, W-CeO2 and W-Y2O3 electrodes showed that the 2.2-wt% La2O3-W electrode has good electron emission ability and stability at low and medium current, And cerium tungsten second; in high current work, yttrium tungsten electrode hot electron emission ability and stability of the best. The performance of prepared binary rare earth tungsten electrodes (W -La2O3-Y2O3, W-La2O3-CeO2, W-Y2O3-CeO2) and ternary rare earth tungsten electrodes Materials (W-La2O3, W-CeO2, W-Y2O3) and thorium tungsten electrode materials were compared. The results show that the welding arc performance of the composite rare earth tungsten electrode material is better than that of the unitary rare earth tungsten electrode and the thorium tungsten electrode. But their performance is different, can adapt to the exchange welding, sheet and plate welding work needs. Studies have shown that the electrode performance strongly depends on the use of rare earth metal oxides. Their behavior during arcing is the most important factor that affects electrode performance, electrode temperature, work function, and electrode stability.