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通过夏玉米田间试验研究了不同耕作措施及秸秆覆盖对土壤特性、水分状况、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响。试验处理包括常规耕作、深松、秸秆覆盖、垄作、浅坑及免耕。结果表明 ,秸秆覆盖可显著提高土壤蓄水量、作物产量及水分利用效率。其保水增产效果在干旱年份更加明显。深松可有效打破犁底层降低其密度 ,可增加作物根深、根长及根重 ,提高作物产量和水分利用效率。免耕可提高夏玉米早期田间土壤含水率 ,保持相同产量。
The effects of different tillage practices and straw mulching on soil characteristics, water status, crop yield and water use efficiency were studied in summer maize field trials. Experimental treatments included conventional tillage, subsoiling, straw mulch, ridge mulching, shallow pits and no tillage. The results showed that straw mulching significantly increased soil water storage, crop yield and water use efficiency. The effect of water retention and yield increase is more obvious in the drought years. Deep pine can effectively break the plow bottom to reduce its density, can increase crop root depth, root length and root weight, improve crop yield and water use efficiency. No-tillage can increase soil moisture content in early summer maize fields and maintain the same yield.