The discovery that RNA can act as an enzyme led Thomas Cech to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and led immediately to the next wave of attempts to find an effective RNA-based therapy.The tantalizing idea that RNA enzymes called trans-cleaving ribozymes enables them to act as potential antiviral and powerful tool for functional genomic studies.The efficacy of ribozyme function in a complex intracellular environment is dependent on the intracellular fate of the RNA that is being targeted.Recently,ribozymes have been used successfully to inhibit gene expression in a variety of biological systems in vitro and in vivo.Ribozyme has also been used successfully to combat many cases of viral infection,as clinical trial.Despite it needs to be investigated and explored as far as its structural and functional aspects are concern.In view of the significance of ribozyme in modern medicine,we reviewed the recent literature on general approach to control viral infection. The discovery that RNA can act as an enzyme led Thomas Cech to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and led immediately to the next wave of attempts to find an effective RNA-based therapy. The tantalizing idea that RNA enzymes called trans-cleaving ribozymes enabled them to act as potential antiviral and powerful tool for functional genomic studies. The efficacy of ribozyme function in a complex intracellular environment is dependent on the intracellular fate of the RNA that is being targeted. Recently, ribozymes have been used successfully to inhibit gene expression in a variety of biological systems in vitro and in vivo. Ribozyme has also been used successfully to combat many cases of viral infection, as clinical trial .Despite it needs to be investigated and explored as far as its structural and functional aspects are concern.In view of the significance of ribozyme in modern medicine, we reviewed the recent literature on general approach to control viral infection.