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氟碳铈矿是稀土工业的重要原材料。目前从氟碳铈矿提取稀土主要采用酸法工艺 ,该工艺虽然稀土回收率高 ,但流程长 ,试剂消耗大 ,成本较高 ,同时酸法产生 HF及废酸碱污染环境。因此寻找低成本、低污染的绿色化学处理工艺是近几十年中人们一直努力的方向。本文系统介绍了氟碳铈矿分解工艺的发展 ,并着重介绍了氯化铵法提取氟碳铈矿稀土的新工艺。该工艺采用盐类分解并氯化氟碳铈矿 ,直接用水浸取回收稀土 ,不引入酸和碱 ,提高了反应选择性 ,减轻了稀土与非稀土杂质分离负荷 ,降低了化工材料消耗 ,简化了工艺 ,提高了稀土回收率 ,是符合绿色化学要求的新工艺。
Bastnaesite is an important raw material for rare earth industry. At present, the extraction of rare earths from bastnaesite mainly adopts the acid process. Although the recovery rate of rare earth is high, the process is long, reagent consumption is high, and the cost is high. At the same time, acid production produces HF and waste acid and alkali to pollute the environment. Therefore, looking for low-cost, low-pollution green chemical processing technology has been the direction of people in recent decades. This article systematically introduces the development of bastnaesite decomposition process, and focuses on the ammonium chloride extraction of rare earth bastnaesite new technology. The process uses salt decomposition and chlorination of bastnaesite, direct recovery of rare earth with water, without the introduction of acid and alkali, improve the reaction selectivity, reduce the separation of rare earth and non-rare earth impurities load, reduce chemical material consumption, simplify The process, improve the recovery rate of rare earth, is in line with the requirements of green chemistry new technology.