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肝癌表现为异常增生的特性,是什么机制介导癌细胞异常增生,一直是肿瘤学家关注的课题。最近的研究表明,端粒及端粒酶在正常细胞的生长调控和癌细胞的形成机制中,可能起重要作用。 1 端粒、端粒酶的结构与功能 早在本世纪30年代,Muller等首先发现染色体末端即端粒是维持染色体完整所必需的结构。70～80年代,Greider等从四膜虫染色体中分离出端粒结构,并确定它含有5’GGGGTT3’的碱基重复序列。端粒是位于人类线性染色体末端的重复DNA序列,其作用是保护染色体末端不被降解,防止染色体相互融合、重组,从而也保证了细胞的正常分化与繁殖。在脊椎动物(包括人类),端粒是由10～15kb的重复序列
The characteristics of liver cancer as aberrant hyperplasia, what mechanism mediates abnormal proliferation of cancer cells has been a subject of concern for oncologists. Recent studies have shown that telomere and telomerase may play an important role in the regulation of normal cell growth and the formation of cancer cells. 1 The structure and function of telomeres, telomerase As early as the 1930s, Muller et al. first discovered that the chromosomal terminus, the telomere, is the structure necessary for the maintenance of chromosome integrity. In the 1970s and 1980s, Greider et al. isolated the telomere structure from the chromosome of Tetrahymena and determined that it contained the base repeat sequence of 5’GGGGTT3’. Telomere is a repetitive DNA sequence located at the end of human linear chromosomes. Its role is to protect the ends of chromosomes from being degraded, prevent fusion and recombination of chromosomes, and thus ensure the normal differentiation and reproduction of cells. In vertebrates (including humans), telomeres are composed of 10-15 kb repeats