我们遇到2例纵隔囊性畸胎瘤,长期被误诊为结核性胸腔积液,内科治疗无效,最后经手术证实并彻底治愈。一、病例报告例1:男性,37岁,农民。1980年开始左胸部不适,胸闷、乏力,无发热及胸痛。1年后胸闷加重并气促,在当地医院经X 线检查诊为:大量胸腔积液。1981年至1985年先后住院3次,经抗痨治疗及胸腔抽液,无效。于1985年8月3日,以胸腔积液原因待查收入我院。查体:体温、血压正常,气管右移,左肺 We encountered two cases of mediastinal cystic teratoma, long-term misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleural effusion, medical treatment ineffective, and finally confirmed by surgery and completely cured. First, case report Example 1: Male, 37 years old, farmer. Left chest discomfort in 1980, chest tightness, fatigue, fever and chest pain. 1 year later, chest tightness and shortness of breath increase in the local hospital by X-ray examination as: a lot of pleural effusion. From 1981 to 1985 has been hospitalized 3 times, after anti-tuberculosis treatment and chest fluid, invalid. On August 3, 1985, the cause of pleural effusion to be admitted to our hospital. Physical examination: body temperature, normal blood pressure, right trachea, left lung