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研究化学平衡和化学反应速率时,一项重要内容就是研究反应物和产物的稳定性。由反应物转化为产物,如果体系趋向于稳定,则反应趋势就大,反应就能进行得较完全。大多数有机化学反应都要经过一个过渡态,如果过渡态的稳定性较大,反应速率就快。作为一些有机反应活性中间体的碳正离子,它的稳定性常常决定着这些反应的速率和方向。因而,碳正离子及其稳定性作用,在基础有机教学中占有一定地位。为此,笔者试图就这方面作一简要综述。
An important part of studying chemical equilibrium and chemical reaction rates is to study the stability of reactants and products. From the reactants into products, if the system tends to be stable, the reaction trend is large, the reaction can be more complete. Most organic chemical reactions go through a transition state, and if the transition state is more stable, the reaction rate is faster. The stability of some carbonitrides, which are organic reactive intermediates, often determines the rate and direction of these reactions. Thus, the role of carbon positive ions and their stability in basic organic teaching occupies a certain position. To this end, I attempt to make a brief overview of this area.