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以高产玉米品种郑单958、先玉335和浚单20为试验材料,研究了黑龙港中低产区夏玉米植株氮、磷、钾的含量、吸收、积累及平衡吸收关系。结果表明:植株的氮、磷含量随着生育期延长逐渐降低,含钾量变化为单峰曲线,峰值出现在拔节期;而植株氮、磷、钾吸收量,则呈上升趋势。玉米生长期间的养分吸收并非同一速率,前期上升快,至最高峰后缓慢下降。在氮、磷、钾3要素中,氮、钾的吸收速率高,上升快,下降也快;而磷吸收速率慢,上升慢,下降亦慢。养分最大吸收速率出现的时期均为吐丝期,且以钾最大,氮次之,磷最小。到吐丝期的累计吸收比例均达到了50%以上。可见,在生产上保证生育前期充足的养分供应是获得高产的重要基础。
The high yielding maize varieties Zhengdan 958, Xiangyu 335 and Xundan 20 were used as experimental materials to study the content, absorption, accumulation and balance absorption of summer maize plants in middle and low yield areas of Heilongjiang. The results showed that the content of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased gradually with the growth of the plant, the change of potassium content was a single peak curve, and the peak appeared at the jointing stage. The plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake increased. Nutrient uptake during maize growth is not the same rate, up fast, slow down to the peak. In the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen and potassium absorption rate is high, fast rise, the decline is also fast; and phosphorus absorption rate slow, slow increase, slow decline. The maximum nutrient uptake rate occurred in the period of silking, with the largest amount of potassium, the second of nitrogen and the smallest of phosphorus. The cumulative absorption rate until silking reached more than 50%. Can be seen in production to ensure adequate supply of nutrients during pre-growth is an important basis for obtaining high yield.