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近年来由于抗生素、激素、细胞毒性药物和免疫抑制剂的应用,血液病伴发霉菌感染明显增多。今将几种霉菌感染与血液病中常见的表现介绍如下: 一、口腔及胃肠道的霉菌感染:由于血液病人长期经抗生素、激素以及各种免疫抑制剂的治疗后,机体免疫机能降低,口腔不卫生及正常菌种紊乱等因素而导致口腔及胃肠道的霉菌感染,常见有放线菌病、念珠菌病等,见于舌、口腔粘膜、咽喉、食道、小肠和肛门等,单纯的口腔霉菌感染比较少见,多数患者由于口腔的霉菌感染而导致内脏的霉菌感染,特别是胃肠道、支气管及肺部的霉菌感染,需要临床医师特别警惕。实验室险查口腔粘膜、大便涂片找霉菌或霉菌培养阳性诊断即可成立。治疗:4%碳酸氢纳溶液漱口,每日四次,制霉菌素50万u,口含,每日三次,也可用大蒜素5-氟胞嘧啶、克霉唑或益康唑等。
In recent years due to the application of antibiotics, hormones, cytotoxic drugs and immunosuppressive agents, blood diseases accompanied by fungal infection increased significantly. Now several common fungal infections and blood diseases are described below: First, oral and gastrointestinal fungal infections: due to long-term blood patients by antibiotics, hormones and various immunosuppressive agents after treatment, immune function is reduced, Oral hygiene and normal strains of bacteria and other factors leading to oral and gastrointestinal fungal infections, common actinomycosis, candidiasis, found in the tongue, oral mucosa, throat, esophagus, small intestine and anus, simple Oral mold infection is relatively rare, most patients due to oral mold infection caused by visceral mold infections, especially gastrointestinal, bronchial and pulmonary fungal infections, clinicians need special vigilance. Laboratory risk check oral mucosa, stool smear mold or mold culture positive diagnosis can be established. Treatment: 4% sodium bicarbonate gargle, four times a day, nystatin 500 000 u, mouth containing, three times a day, allicin 5-fluorocytosine, clotrimazole or econazole can also be used.