Objective: To observe the effects of Compound Zhebei Granule(复方浙贝颗粒, CZBG) combined with chemotherapy on surface markers of leukemia stem cell(LSC) in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Methods: Seventy-eight patients with AML received bone marrow aspiration and the percentages of CD34~+CD123~+ and CD33~+CD123~+ cells were tested using flow cytometry method. A total of 24 refractory or relapsed AML patients were enrolled and treated with one cycle of standard chemotherapy combined with CZBG. Bone marrow samples were obtained before and after treatment, and the percentages of CD34~+CD123~+ and CD33~+CD123~+ cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with refractory or relapsed AML patients, patients achieved remission had a significant lower percentage of CD34~+CD123~+ cells(P<0.01) and CD33~+CD123~+ cells(P<0.01), indicating that controlling the LSC percentage may be important for patients with AML to achieve sustainable remission. Compared with those before treatment, the expression levels of CD34~+CD123~+ were significantly decreased after CZBG combined with chemotherapy treatment(P<0.01). The percentages of CD34~+CD123~+ cells and CD33~+CD123~+ in patients achieving complete remission after CZBG combined with chemotherapy treatment were both significantly lower than those in patients with nonremission(P<0.01). Conclusion: CZBG combining chemotherapy could reduce the percentages of CD34~+CD123~+ and CD33~+CD123~+ LSC, which might improve the clinical efficacy of refractory or relapsed AML. Objective: To observe the effects of Compound Zhebei Granule (CZBG) combined with chemotherapy on surface markers of leukemia stem cells (LSC) in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Seventy-eight patients with AML received bone marrow aspiration and the percentages of CD34 ~ + CD123 ~ + and CD33 ~ + CD123 ~ + cells were tested using flow cytometry method. A total of 24 refractory or relapsed AML patients were enrolled and treated with one cycle of standard chemotherapy combined with CZBG. Bone marrow samples were obtained before and after treatment, and the percentages of CD34 ~ + CD123 ~ + and CD33 ~ + CD123 ~ + cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with refractory or relapsed AML patients, patients Significantly lower percentage of CD34 ~ + CD123 ~ + cells (P <0.01) and CD33 ~ + CD123 ~ + cells (P <0.01), indicating that the LSC percentage may be important for patients with AML to want sustainable remission. C ompared with those before treatment, the expression levels of CD34 ~ + CD123 ~ + were significantly decreased after CZBG combined with chemotherapy treatment (P <0.01). The percentages of CD34 ~ + CD123 ~ + cells and CD33 ~ + CD123 ~ + in patients achieving complete remission after CZBG combined with chemotherapy treatment were both significantly lower than those in patients with nonremission (P <0.01). Conclusion: CZBG combining chemotherapy could reduce the percentages of CD34 ~ + CD123 ~ + and CD33 ~ + CD123 ~ + LSC, which might improve the clinical efficacy of refractory or relapsed AML.