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目的探讨陕西农村30月龄幼儿的行为发育特点及其与智力及运动发展的关系。方法运用贝利婴幼儿发展量表对977名陕西农村30月龄幼儿的智力发育、运动发展以及行为表现进行测查,采用探索性因子分析行为发育特点,采用Spearman秩相关以及偏相关分析行为发育与智力及运动发展的关系。结果从各行为条目得分情况看,30月龄的幼儿正性情绪逐渐增加,如合作性(3.9±0.8)分、总的情绪(4.1±0.6)分、寻物的倾向性(3.9±0.7)分、持久性(4.1±0.5)分、观看兴趣(3.9±0.5)分,得分较高;负性情绪逐渐减少,如害怕(1.7±0.8)分、紧张(2.5±0.6)分、吮吸兴趣(1.1±0.5)分,得分较低;对25个行为条目进行探索性因子分析,共提取出6个公因子,分别为活动性、社会适应性、专注性、持久性、运动协调性以及亲和性,总方差贡献率为56.77%;各行为因子与智力发展的相关性均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),调整后的相关系数绝对值为0.081~0.359;活动性、专注性、持久性以及运动协调性与运动发展的相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05),调整后的相关系数绝对值为0.080~0.475。在所有的行为因子中,活动性与智力及运动发展的相关程度最高,调整后的相关系数分别为0.359、0.475。结论良好的行为表现与幼儿的智力、运动发育存在正性关联。对幼儿的异常行为进行合理干预和早期教育,促使其良好行为的形成,有助于提高其运动能力和认知能力。
Objective To explore the behavioral characteristics of 30-month-old children in rural areas of Shaanxi Province and their relationship with intellectual and motor development. Methods Based on the Bailey Scale for Infant Development, the intelligence development, motor development and behavior of 977 rural children in 30-month-olds in Shaanxi Province were investigated. Exploratory factors were used to analyze the behavioral development characteristics. Spearman rank correlation and partial correlation analysis were used to analyze the behavioral development Relationship with mental and physical development. Results According to the score of each behavior item, the positive emotions of 30-month-old children increased gradually, such as cooperation (3.9 ± 0.8) points, total emotion (4.1 ± 0.6) points and object seeking tendency (3.9 ± 0.7) (4.1 ± 0.5) points, watching interest (3.9 ± 0.5) points, higher scores; negative emotions gradually decreased, such as fear of (1.7 ± 0.8) points, tension (2.5 ± 0.6) points, sucking interest 1.1 ± 0.5) points, with a low score. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on 25 behavioral items, and 6 common factors were extracted, which were activity, social adaptability, focus, persistence, motor coordination and affinity Sex, the total variance contribution rate was 56.77%; the correlation between each behavioral factor and intellectual development was statistically significant (all P <0.05), the adjusted absolute value of the correlation coefficient was 0.081 ~ 0.359; activity, focus, lasting The correlation between sex and motor coordination and motor development was statistically significant (P <0.05). The adjusted correlation coefficient was 0.080-0.475. Among all the behavioral factors, the correlation between activity and intelligence and motor development was the highest, and the adjusted correlation coefficient was 0.359 and 0.475 respectively. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between good behavior and mental and physical development in young children. Reasonable intervention and early education of abnormal behaviors of young children can promote the formation of good behaviors and help improve their motor ability and cognitive ability.