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油砂作为非常规石油资源,在世界能源供给中起着举足轻重的作用。中国油砂资源丰富且分布不均,准噶尔盆地西北缘红山嘴地区是目前国内油砂资源最为丰富的地区之一,该区浅层油砂资源储量达到1.32×108t。开展该区油砂形成原因分析,对该区油砂资源的全面勘探和开发工艺设计具有重要作用。燕山早、中期构造活动和燕山-喜马拉雅运动造成的断裂和不整合面,使埋藏较深的油气运移到地表较浅的部位,甚至部分出露于地表,浅层地下水或地面大气水把溶解的氧和微生物带入其中,使原油遭受水洗和生物降解双重作用,形成现今的稠油油砂。采用生物标志物法,探讨了红山嘴地区油砂油的生物降解程度。结果显示,该区油砂油的生物降解程度普遍很高,在降解程度最轻的样品中已经检测有25-降藿烷,规则甾烷和部分藿烷的分布受到明显的影响,生物降解程度达到8级;在降解程度较为严重的样品中,芳香甾烷受到严重影响,生物降解程度达到10级。
As an unconventional petroleum resource, oil sands play an important role in the world’s energy supply. The oil sands in China are abundant and unevenly distributed. The Hongshanzui area on the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin is one of the most abundant oil and sand resources in the country. The reserves of shallow oil sands in this area have reached 1.32 × 108t. The analysis of the reason for the formation of oil sands in this area plays an important role in the comprehensive exploration and development process design of oil and sand resources in this area. The early and mid-Yanshanian tectonic activities and faults and unconformities caused by the Yanshan-Himalayan movement make the buried oil and gas migrate to the shallower part of the earth’s surface, and even partially expose to the surface. Shallow groundwater or surface water, Oxygen and microorganisms into them, so that the crude oil suffered dual role of washing and biodegradation, the formation of today’s heavy oil sands. Using biomarker method, the degree of biodegradation of oil sand oil in Hongshanzui area was discussed. The results show that the degree of biodegradation of oil-sand oil in this area is generally high, 25-norhopane has been detected in the least degraded samples, the distribution of regular steranes and some hopanes has been significantly affected, and the degree of biodegradation Reached grade 8; in the more serious degradation of the sample, the aromatic sterane was severely affected, the degree of biodegradation reached 10.