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采用电子显微镜技术系统研究了指状青霉Penicillium digitatum对柑橘果实的侵染过程及超微结构特征。结果表明室温条件下,接种12h后,伤口附近的分生孢子开始萌发产生芽管;然后从伤口处直接侵入果实表皮细胞内;接种24h后,受侵染果实细胞中的菌丝向相邻细胞扩展蔓延,寄主细胞壁开始消解,质壁分离,细胞内含物及各类细胞器凝集,颜色加深,最后完全消解,伤口部位的果皮开始变软,伤口处的菌丝向外生长;84h后伤口处病斑软化,部分长出白色的霉层;96h后病斑软化面积直径达3cm,白色霉层面积逐渐扩大;120h后白色霉层中间伤口处霉层颜色加深变为灰绿色;144h后整个果实变软腐烂。果胶质标记结果表明,菌丝侵入果实后产生果胶酶并降解柑橘细胞壁中的果胶,使得细胞壁松弛,软化腐烂。
The electron microscopic technique was used to systematically study the infection process and ultrastructure of citrus fruit by Penicillium digitatum. The results showed that at room temperature, 12h after inoculation, conidia germinated near the wound to produce germ tube, and then invaded directly into the epidermal cells of the fruit from the wound. After 24h of inoculation, the hyphae in the infected cells were transferred to the adjacent cells Expansion spread, the host cell wall began to digest, plasmolysis, cell content and various types of organelles coagulation, color deepened, and finally completely digested, the wounds began to soften the pericarp, wound mycelium grow outward; 84h after the wound After 96h, the lesion softened area reached 3cm in diameter, and the area of white mildew layer gradually enlarged. After 120h, the mildew layer in the middle of the white mildew layer deepened to become gray-green; after 144h, the whole fruit Soften and rotten. Pectin labeling results showed that mycelium invades the fruit and produces pectinase and degrades the pectin in the citrus cell wall, causing the cell wall to relax, soften and decay.