高一《思想政治》教材第二、四、六课讲到:劳动分为必要劳动和剩余劳动两部分,其中劳动者为维持生活和再生产劳动力所必需的劳动是必要劳动,在必要劳动之外耗费的劳动就是剩余劳动。那么,在社会主义和资本主义两种制度下的剩余劳动,有无根本区别呢?如果有,这种区别表现在哪些方面呢? 我以为,根本区别是客观存在的,主要表现在: 首先,反映的经济关系不同 资本主义制度下的剩余劳动,以剩余价值的形式被资本家无偿占有,它反映的是资本家剥削雇佣工人的关系,具有阶级对抗的性质。资本家榨取的剩余劳动 The second, fourth, and sixth lectures of the “Idea and Politics” textbook for Senior High School I mentioned that labor is divided into necessary labor and surplus labor, in which labor necessary for the maintenance of life and the reproduction of the labor force is necessary labor and necessary labor The labor consumed is surplus labor. Then, is there a fundamental difference between the surplus labor under the two systems of socialism and capitalism? If so, what are the differences in this? I think that the fundamental difference is the objective existence, which is mainly manifested in: First, Reflected economic relations The surplus labor under different capitalist systems is used by the capitalists free of charge in the form of surplus value. It reflects the relationship between capitalists exploiting waged workers and the nature of class confrontation. The surplus labor squeezed by the capitalists