一、前言从本世纪五十年代初,在奥地利等欧洲国家的隧道工程中开始采用NATM(下称新奥法),至今已有30余年。实践证明,与以往所惯用的各种隧道施工方法相比,这种新型隧道施工方法具有快速、安全、经济等优点。为此,它已在许多国家的隧道工程中获得了广泛应用。近年来,在某些国家的城市铁路隧道工程中也有开始采用新奥法进行施工的实例。自本世纪六十年代开始,我国铁路在成昆线的许多座隧道中成功地采用了锚喷支护。在个别围岩良好的地段还把这种支护作为永久性衬砌结构,因此我国铁路部门在锚喷支护方面已积累了一定的经验。但是,锚 I. Preface From the early 1950s, NATM (New Austrian Law) has been adopted in the tunneling projects of European countries such as Austria for more than 30 years. Practice has proved that, compared with the conventional tunnel construction methods used in the past, this new tunnel construction method is fast, safe and economical. To this end, it has been widely used in tunneling in many countries. In recent years, there have also been examples of construction that started with the new Austrian law in urban rail tunneling projects in some countries. Since the sixties of this century, China’s railway has successfully adopted anchor and shotcrete support in many tunnels in the Cheng-Kun line. In a few good surrounding rock good also this kind of support as a permanent lining structure, so the railway sector in the anchor spray support has accumulated some experience. But anchor