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清代,铅关系着国家的币材供给与军器生产,是重要的战略物资。据有关研究,贵州的铅产量长期占全国的70%以上甚至超过80%,可满足北京户、工二部以及全国许多省份的铸钱之需。然而由于相关史料缺乏,学界对清代贵州铅矿业生产相关政策的探讨较少。中国第一历史档案馆藏有云贵总督明山、护理贵州巡抚吴荣光于道光四年(1824年)所上的奏折,揭示了清代贵州铅矿业中一项极其重要而又鲜为人知的措施——放本收铅。本文即从解读这件奏折入手,结合其它档案、方志、文集等资料,对这一措施展开分析。
In the Qing Dynasty, lead was related to the supply of national currency and the production of military equipment and was an important strategic material. According to relevant research, Guizhou’s lead output has accounted for more than 70% and even over 80% of the country’s total for a long time, which can meet the need of making money in Beijing’s households and workers and in many provinces across the country. However, due to the lack of relevant historical data, there is little discussion on the relevant policies of the lead mining industry in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty. The First Historical Archives of China, which houses the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Ming Shan, and the memorial of Wu Rongguang, governor of Guizhou, during the four years of Daoguang (1824), revealed an extremely important and little-known measure in the lead mining industry in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty - Put the lead collection. This article begins with the interpretation of this memorial, with other archives, chih-chih, essays and other data to analyze this measure.