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改革开放以来,基于功利主义的发展观既带来经济的高速增长,也造成了很多负面后果。在实现中国梦的背景下,需要对功利主义的发展观进行反思,并提出一个替代范式。在所有可能的替代框架中,阿玛蒂亚·森的能力方法继承了马克思关于人的自由全面发展的观点,始终坚持从以人为中心的立场批判功利主义,从而最符合实现中国梦的要求。能力方法的启示在于:第一,有助于转变当前经济发展方式,走上一条可持续的道路;第二,强调人在精神层面的能动性,从而最大限度地弘扬我们的民族精神和时代精神;第三,主张通过对话协商促进人们的共识,从而可以凝聚全国人民的力量。
Since the reform and opening up, the concept of development based on utilitarianism has brought about not only rapid economic growth but also many negative consequences. Under the background of realizing the Chinese dream, it is necessary to reflect on the utilitarian concept of development and propose an alternative paradigm. Among all the possible alternative frameworks, Amartya Sen’s ability method inherits Marx’s viewpoint on the free and comprehensive development of human beings. He always persists in criticizing utilitarianism from the human-centered standpoint, which is most suitable for fulfilling the Chinese dream. The enlightenment of the method of capability lies in: First, helping to change the current mode of economic development and embark on a path of sustainability; second, emphasizing the initiative of the people at the spiritual level so as to maximize our national spirit and the spirit of the times; Third, China advocates promoting people’s consensus through dialogue and consultation so as to unite the power of the people throughout the country.