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目前已在较广的学科范围及其领域内应用到古地貌研究成果,古地貌恢复更是与油气田勘探开发关系密切。随着石油工业的快速发展,油气田古地貌恢复方法的研究有了比较明显的进展。通过分析近些年兴起的代表性古地貌恢复方法,总结中国油气田古地貌恢复方法研究的主要进展。(1)古地貌恢复方法的理论基础多元化:分析古构造、古水系、古流向和沉积相等的综合性研究是沉积学古地貌恢复法的关键所在;将基准面和最大洪泛面结合进行基准面旋回对比来反映沉积前古地貌形态,是高分辨率层序地层学古地貌恢复法的核心思路;依据三级地貌概念模式指导微地貌精细刻画,是井区尺度岩溶微地貌恢复法的主要优势;碳酸盐岩沉积期微地貌恢复法的主要原则是寻找等时地质体,确定台地浅滩的暴露时间,利用颗粒岩的厚度对暴露浅滩的微地貌进行有效恢复。(2)古地貌恢复方法的实用性越来越强:鄂尔多斯盆地、渤海湾盆地、塔里木盆地和四川盆地的油气田实例说明,虽然在采用这些古地貌恢复方法时,定量研究的手段均有待加强,但仍然为油气田储层预测和油气富集有利区优选提供了重要支撑,其应用前景广阔。(3)古地貌恢复方法之间优势互补,趋于综合研究:沉积学古地貌恢复法目前应用比较成熟;高分辨率层序地层学古地貌恢复法的研究工作处于起步阶段;井区尺度岩溶微地貌恢复法适合于潮坪为主的碳酸盐岩台地;碳酸盐岩沉积期微地貌恢复法适用于滩体发育的碳酸盐岩台地。不同方法的综合研究是油气田古地貌恢复方法发展的必然趋势。
At present, the research results of paleogeomorphology have been applied in a wide range of disciplines and their fields. The restoration of paleogeomorphology is closely related to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. With the rapid development of petroleum industry, there have been some notable progress in the research on paleogeomorphic restoration methods in oil and gas fields. By analyzing the representative paleogeomorphic restoration methods that have emerged in recent years, the author summarizes the major advances in the research on paleogeomorphic restoration methods in China’s oil and gas fields. (1) The theoretical foundation of palaeogeomorphology restoration method Diversification: It is the key to analyze the palaeogeomorphology restoration method that comprehensive analysis of palaeostructure, paleo-water system, paleocurrent direction and sedimentation is equal. Combining the datum with the maximum flood surface The comparison of base-level cycles to reflect pre-sedimentary palaeogeomorphology is the core idea of palaeo-topography restoration method in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. According to the conceptual model of three-level landform, the micro- The main principle is that the main principle of the microtopography recovery method during the sedimentary period of carbonate rocks is to find isochronal geologic bodies, determine the exposure time of the tableland shoals, and effectively recover the micro-topography of the exposed shoals by using the thickness of the granular rocks. (2) The practicability of the restoration of palaeogeomorphology is getting more and more powerful. The examples of the oil and gas fields in Ordos Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin show that although the methods of quantitative research should be strengthened when using these palaeogeomorphological restoration methods, It still provides important support for the prediction of oil and gas reservoirs and the optimization of favorable areas for oil and gas accumulation, and has wide application prospect. (3) Complementary palaeogeomorphological restoration methods are complementary to each other and tend to be comprehensively studied: Sedimentary palaeogeomorphology restoration method is relatively mature nowadays; research work of palatoplasty recovery method in high resolution sequence stratigraphy is in its infancy; The microtopography recovery method is suitable for the tidal flat-dominated carbonate platform. The carbonate-sedimentary microfacies recovery method is suitable for the carbonate platform developed on the beach. The comprehensive study of different methods is an inevitable trend for the development of palaeogeomorphology recovery methods in oil and gas fields.