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科学社会主义的实践表明,对社会主义本质的认识,是沿着两条思路展开的:一条思路侧重于从社会制度上认识社会主义本质,认为生产资料的共同占有与按劳分配的经济制度、劳动人民当家作主的政治制度和马克思主义为指导的精神文明等是社会主义的本质特征;另一条思路侧重于从社会发展目的上认识社会主义本质,认为创造高于资本主义的劳动生产率,极大地提高人们的物质文化生活水平,是社会主义的本质特征。毛泽东在建国后,从第二条思路上对社会主义本质进行了艰辛的探索,尽管其探索最终由于客观和主观原因而发生转向,但是,毛泽东对探索中国社会道路的理论贡献是不容抹杀的。
The practice of scientific socialism shows that the understanding of the essence of socialism is based on two lines of thinking: one line of thought focuses on recognizing the essence of socialism from the social system, considering the common possession of means of production and the economic system of distribution according to work, The political system in which the working people are masters of their own affairs and the spiritual civilization guided by Marxism are the essential characteristics of socialism. Another way of thinking focuses on understanding the essence of socialism from the purpose of social development, thinking that labor productivity higher than capitalism should be created, The improvement of people's material and cultural life by the earth is an essential feature of socialism. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Tse-tung made arduous exploration of the nature of socialism from the second line of thought. Although his exploration eventually turned to objective and subjective reasons, Mao Zedong's theoretical contribution to exploring the social road to China should not be denied.