本研究采用整群抽样方法对广西兴安县城的871名4～6岁儿童的形态、素质等指标作了较全面测试。应用因子分析初步探讨了学前儿童体质综合评价方法,计算出各项指标在体质综合评分时的权重系数,其中以血红蛋白的最大(0.1559)。对影响体质的有关因素进行了逐步回归分析。结果表明:学前儿童体质受遗传、营养、体育锻炼、出生体重、开始独立行走时间、儿童的主要照顾者及父亲职业等多方面影响。 In this study, a cluster sampling method was used to make a comprehensive test of 871 children aged 4 ~ 6 years old in Xingan County of Guangxi. The comprehensive evaluation method of pre-school children’s physique was preliminarily explored by applying factor analysis, and the weight coefficient of each index in physical fitness score was calculated, of which the hemoglobin was the largest (0.1559). The factors affecting the constitution of the progressive regression analysis. The results show that pre-school children’s physical condition is affected by many aspects, such as inheritance, nutrition, physical exercise, birth weight, independent walking time, children’s primary caregiver and father’s occupation.