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内燃机车柴油机结构的改进与发展,相应地对机油提出了更高的要求。自1964年以来,美国铁路已更换了4代机油,现已开始使用第五代机油。本文着重叙述了美国铁路第四、第五代机油的开发过程和主要性能指标。实践表明,及时地对机油进行更新换代,对于提高机车的可靠性、经济性具有巨大的作用。根据美国历次机油更新换代的经验,采用新一代机油后,换油周期延长一倍以上,诸如活塞环、缸套、轴承等柴油机零部件的寿命提高1～2倍。此外,对于节省燃油消耗、延长机车的检修周期、减少故障、保证行车安全亦有显著作用。
The improvement and development of the structure of diesel locomotive diesel engine, correspondingly set higher requirements on the oil. Since 1964, the U.S. railways have replaced the fourth generation of oil and now have started using the fifth generation of oil. This article focuses on the development process and major performance indicators of the fourth and fifth generations of U.S. railways. Practice shows that the timely replacement of oil, for improving the reliability of the locomotive, the economy has a tremendous role. According to the experience of previous oil renewal in the United States, after the new generation of oil is used, the oil change period is more than doubled, and the life span of diesel engine components such as piston rings, cylinder liners and bearings is increased by 1 to 2 times. In addition, to save fuel consumption, extend the overhaul cycle locomotives, reduce failure, to ensure traffic safety also has a significant role.