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在美国,新增加的铜产量中,大约12％是从堆浸露天开采的低品位废矿石中获得的。而这个数量的铜是相当可观的,即使对巨大的矿石堆,回收率超过20％也是很不寻常的。在用数吨废矿石进行的实验室试验研究中,确定了浸出典型的含铜斑岩废矿石时比较重要的基本物理和化学因素。这些试验当中研究的重要结果包括:萃取化学、试验室模拟、能量关系以及从稀液流中提取铜的回收率。特别强调了废矿石浸出时重要的限制性因素,包括氧化过程中自养细菌的作用。讨论了从实验室试验扩大为生产实践的困难。
In the United States, about 12% of the newly added copper output is obtained from heap leaching of low-grade waste ores. And this amount of copper is considerable, and even for huge heaps of ore it is unusual for the recovery rate to exceed 20%. In laboratory experiments with tons of waste ores, basic physical and chemical factors important for the leaching of typical copper-bearing porphyry waste ores have been identified. Important results of these studies include: extraction chemistry, laboratory simulations, energy relationships, and copper recovery from dilute streams. Particular emphasis is placed on the important limiting factors in the leaching of waste ores, including the role of autotrophic bacteria in the oxidation process. The difficulty of expanding from a laboratory test to a production practice was discussed.