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幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染是胃癌发生最主要的危险因素。细胞毒素相关蛋白A、空泡毒素和中性粒细胞激活蛋白（NAP）是Hp菌株上最重要的毒力因子，其基因亚型多样性与胃癌及其癌前病变的发生风险密切相关。新发现的Hp毒力因子（Omp和Hp0305）在胃癌及其癌前病变中均有表达，可能成为预测胃癌发生的分子标记物。此外，炎症细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10）、ABO抗原及前列腺干细胞抗原的基因易感性与胃癌及其癌前病变之间也存在显著相关性。本文从分子流行病学角度，对Hp毒力因子及人群遗传易感性与胃癌及癌前病变关联的最新研究进展进行了综述。“,”Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. CagA, VacA and neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) are the most important virulence factors of Hp. Polymorphism of these genes is closely related to the risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. The newly discovered Hp virulence factors (Omp and Hp0305) which can be expressed in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions may be used as molecular biomarkers for gastric cancer. Additionally, genetic susceptibility of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10) , ABO antigen and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is significantly associated with gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. In this article, the advances on the association of Hp virulence factors and human genetic susceptibility with risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions are reviewed from the perspective of molecular epidemiology.n