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随着城市化的加剧,城市暴雨积水的风险越来越大,城市洪水问题已成为全球性环境灾害的热点问题.如何有效分析城市水文过程,准确评估城市洪水风险是市政建设和水资源管理的迫切需要.城区人工下垫面复杂,水利设施众多,传统的水文模型和水动力模型均难以准确地模拟洪水非恒定演变过程.以城市复杂环境下的产汇流、排水、积水等过程作为研究对象,首先建立水文模型实时模拟降雨径流过程,进而分别建立适用于排水系统的一维水动力模型和适用于地表洪水漫流的二维水动力模型,最终在地理信息系统平台上将这三类模型进行在线耦合,最终建立起适用于城市洪水预测模拟的耦合模型系统.以北京奥运村为例,针对不同的典型降雨过程,对该模型系统进行验证和分析,模拟结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟复杂市区降雨积水过程,能够提供可信度较高的城市洪水潜在风险评估,切实指导区域水利设施建设和水资源管理.
With the intensification of urbanization, the risk of urban storm water accumulating more and more, urban flood has become a hot issue of global environmental disaster.How effective analysis of urban hydrological processes, accurate assessment of urban flood risk is municipal construction and water resources management It is difficult to accurately simulate the unsteady evolution of the flood by the complicated hydrological models and hydrodynamic models.Under the conditions of urban complex environment such as confluence of flow and drainage, Firstly, a hydrological model was established to simulate the process of rainfall and runoff in real time, and then a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model suitable for drainage system and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model suitable for surface flood and runoff were established respectively. Finally, on the platform of GIS, Model, and finally establish a coupling model system suitable for urban flood forecasting simulation.Using Beijing Olympic Village as an example, this model system is validated and analyzed for different typical rainfall processes. The simulation results show that this model can effectively Simulating the process of rainwater harvesting in complex urban areas can provide urban floods with high credibility Potential risk assessment, practical guidance regional water conservancy facilities and water management.