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“科学”和“科学主义”在中国社会已经成为了话语霸权,一切文化现象、思想活动都被要求符合科学的标的。然而,科学的“霸权”地位并非自然形成的。在近代中国,“科学主义”作为一种思潮被引进,经过几次较大的规模的论战后才逐渐构建起其霸权地位的。本文通过对上世纪30年“科玄论战”的梳理,意图从思想史的角度来解析这一建构过程。科学主义权威的树立,既有利于近代中国向现代国家转变,同时,也为当前社会“唯科学论”和“科学万能论”埋下了伏笔。
“Science” and “Scientism” have become discourse hegemony in Chinese society. All cultural phenomena and ideological activities are required to meet scientific standards. However, the “supremacy” status of science is not naturally formed. In modern China, “scientism” was introduced as a trend of thought and gradually formed its hegemony after several large-scale debates. This paper tries to sort out the process of construction from the perspective of intellectual history by combing the 30 years of the “theory of science and technology”. The establishment of scientifically authoritative authority not only benefits the transition from modern China to the modern one, but also paves the way for the current social theory of “science” and “scientific theory of science.”