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目的探讨他汀类(statins)药物Simvastatin在大鼠坐骨神经损伤修复中的作用及可能的作用机制。方法制作SD大鼠标准坐骨神经钳夹损伤(crush)模型后,分别予Simvastatin和溶媒对照干预2周。手术前后不同时间点进行趾展功能指数测定、神经电生理学、血脂水平、血清IL-6检测和组织学评价。结果Simvastatin干预组与对照组比较,趾展功能指数在术后5d和8d显著增大(P<0.05),足趾展开速度快;2周肌肉复合动作电位幅度高,4周神经传导速度快;组织学显示有髓神经纤维数量多,髓鞘厚,排列相对整齐。各组手术前血脂水平无差异,手术后2周均有不同程度的降低,但Simvastatin干预组总胆固醇降低程度最轻,与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05);Simvastatin干预组手术后5d,血清IL-6水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论本研究发现,Simvastatin可能通过抑制免疫炎症反应,维持神经损伤后胆固醇的平衡,促进大鼠坐骨神经损伤的修复和再生。
Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Simvastatin, a statins drug, on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Methods Standard crush model of SD rat sciatic nerve was made and then treated with simvastatin and vehicle respectively for 2 weeks. The toe index, neuroelectrophysiology, blood lipid level, serum IL-6 test and histological evaluation were performed at different time points before and after operation. Results Compared with the control group, the functional index of toe expansion in Simvastatin group was significantly increased at 5 days and 8 days after operation (P <0.05), and the toe spreading speed was fast. The amplitude of muscle compound action potential was high at 2 weeks and nerve conduction velocity was fast at 4 weeks. Histology showed that the number of myelinated nerve fibers, myelin thick, arranged relatively neat. Simvastatin intervention group had the lowest level of total cholesterol (P <0.05), and Simvastatin intervention group had no significant difference in the level of serum lipids before and after surgery , Serum IL-6 level was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion This study found that Simvastatin may promote the repair and regeneration of sciatic nerve injury in rats by inhibiting the immune inflammatory reaction, maintaining the balance of cholesterol after nerve injury.