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一启蒙具有多重面相。诸多面相既相互补充,又相互对立。补充使得启蒙生生不已,历久弥新。对立使得启蒙内在地充满紧张,时时面临涨破、撕裂的危险。比如,我们应该努力在自由中追求平等,还是在平等中实现自由?自由和平等中,究竟哪一个理念是优位的?再如,突出个人导致社会的涣散,更导致弱肉强食的丛林法则,强调集体则抹杀个人,导致残酷、血腥的集体主义。那么,我们应该更珍视个人的尊严,还是集体的共契?每一种理念都光彩照人,却又潜藏着噬人的陷阱。数百年来的现代文明史就在这些矛盾的选项中顾此失彼,颠踬而行。现代文明史中的每一个体同样必须做出自己的价值优位抉择。复杂如鲁迅,更经历了从孜孜于“立人”到放言阶级的转变。不过,无论是个人还是众数,都是启蒙的题中应有之意,鲁迅的现代性求索一以贯之。
Enlightenment has multiple faces. Many faces complement each other, but also against each other. Enrichment Enlightenment endless, lasting renewal. Opposition makes Enlightenment intrinsically full of tension, always facing the danger of breaking up and torn up. For example, should we strive to pursue equality in freedom or freedom in equality? Which one of the concepts of freedom and equality is a merit-based one? Again, highlighting the social fragmentation of individuals and even the jungle law that leads to the jungle of the jungle emphasizes Collective denial of individuals leads to brutal, bloody collectivism. So, should we cherish more personal dignity, or a collective concession? Each idea is brilliant, but also hidden in the trap of bite people. Hundreds of years of modern civilization history in these contradictory options in the opposite direction. Every individual in the history of modern civilization must also make its own choice of superiority in value. Complex, such as Lu Xun, went through a transformation from diligently “establishing one’s own” to predicting one’s class. However, no matter whether it is individual or mode, it is the meaning of enlightenment, and Lu Xun’s modernity is consistent.