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橡胶已成为现代世界不可或缺的一部分。无论是机械和发动机所必需的轴承,还是动力和液体的传输,亦或是旋转轴系和集装箱的密封,都离不开这种材料。橡胶通常采用硫磺进行硫化处理,制造轮胎或橡胶制品。硫磺和橡胶间的化学反应速度很慢,效率也很低。经过测量,该反应在140℃下耗时约6h,而过长的反应时间在任何生产条件下部是不经济的。通过该反应制造的橡胶制品易于被氧化降解,无法具备实际应用所需的机械特性。此外,如果添加的硫磺量不足,橡胶就会变软,而添加过量的硫磺则会使橡胶变硬。可以通过开发促进剂克服这些限制。促进剂可以提高化学反应的速度,例如,在170℃下只需10min便可制造橡胶制品。
Rubber has become an integral part of the modern world. It is inseparable from both the bearings required for machinery and engines, the transmission of power and fluids, or the sealing of rotating shafts and containers. Rubber is usually vulcanized with sulfur to make tires or rubber products. The chemical reaction between sulfur and rubber is slow and inefficient. After measurement, the reaction took about 6 h at 140 ° C, whereas an excessively long reaction time was uneconomical under any production conditions. The rubber product produced by this reaction is easily oxidized and degraded, failing to provide the mechanical properties required for practical use. In addition, if the amount of sulfur added is insufficient, the rubber will soften and excess sulfur will harden the rubber. These limits can be overcome by developing accelerators. Accelerators can increase the rate of chemical reactions, for example, rubber products can be produced in just 10 minutes at 170 ° C.