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分形是大自然优化的结构形式,分形城市群能最有效地占据空间。清代是长城外侧地区城镇迅猛发展时期,文中利用GIS空间分析功能和分形理论对清代长城外侧城镇体系的网格分维和聚集分维进行测定。结果表明:该区域78个治所城镇空间分布具有分形几何特征,且归绥和直隶地区分形发育度最好,围绕归化城和承德府为中心向周围密度衰减分布;伴随着点-轴系统的发展,城镇空间结构历经随机阶段、孕育阶段、发展阶段的三个演进过程。
Fractal is the structural form of nature’s optimization, and the fractal urban agglomeration can most effectively occupy space. The Qing Dynasty is a period of rapid urban development in the outskirts of the Great Wall. By using the spatial analysis function of GIS and the fractal theory, the paper analyzes the fractal and dimensionality of grids in the outlying town system of the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty. The results show that the spatial distribution of the 78 towns in this area is characterized by fractal geometry, and the fractal development in Gui Sui and Zhili regions is the best, around Cenuhua City and Chengde Prefecture, The development of the system and the urban spatial structure have gone through three evolution stages: randomization, inoculation and development.