目前,全世界共有200多个国家和地区,只有二十几个国家由于种种原因不允许政党存在(如实行君主制的海湾国家、梵蒂冈等)。世界各国尽管政治制度和政党制度不同,但绝大多数国家的政治运作都是通过政党来实施的,政党政治是现代政治的普遍形式。 现代政党政治的产生 从17世纪七八十年代英国最早出现的托利党和辉格党(保守党和自由党的前身)算起,政党已经存在300多年了。19世纪30年 At present, there are more than 200 countries and regions in the world. Only two dozen do not allow political parties to exist for a variety of reasons (such as the monarchy of the Gulf countries, the Vatican, etc.). Although the political system and the party system are different in all countries in the world, the political operation of most countries is implemented through political parties. Political party politics is a common form of modern politics. The emergence of modern party politics Since the earliest Tories and Whigs (the predecessor of the Conservative and Liberal parties) in Britain in the 1970s and 1980s, political parties have existed for more than 300 years. Nineteenth Century 30 years