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1. I study by making flashcards. 我是通过做抽认卡学习的。
【点拨】 介词by在此句中表示“通过……的方式”、“以……方法、手段”的意思,后面可跟名词或动词-ing形式,在句中作方式状语。例如:
The old man makes money by writing. 那位老人靠写作赚钱。
2. Also I was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me. 我也害怕在课堂上讲话,因为我想我的同学也许会笑话我。
【点拨】 laugh at意为“因……而发笑,嘲笑”。
3. And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy. 如果我们不处理我们的问题,我们很容易不开心。
【点拨】 unless意为“除非;如果不”,是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意思,相当于if条件从句的否定形式,因此,unless = if... not。例如: I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 我明天要去那儿,除非天下雨。(= I will go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨,我明天就去那儿。)
4. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。
【点拨】 used to do sth. 表示“过去常常……”,它只有过去时,没有人称和数的变化,表示过去存在的,但现在已经停止的情况或习惯,侧重于和现在的对照。be used to意为“习惯于……”,其中to是介词,后面要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,而不可接动词原形,be也可用get或 become来替代。例如:
Mr. Li didn’t use to work in Beijing. 李老师过去不在北京工作。
I’m not used to getting up so early. 我不习惯起这么早。
5. In the end, she made a difficult decision. 最终,她做出了一个很难的决定。
【点拨】 in the end是一个介词短语,意为“最后;终于”,在句中一般用作状语,相当于at last或finally。
6. ... and would always take pride in everything good I do. ……将为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。
【点拨】 take pride in意为“对……感到自豪”,也可用be proud of来表示,但pride是名词,proud是形容词。例如:
She takes pride in her success. = She is proud of her success. 她为自己的成功感到自豪。
7. ... and have tried to make my mother pay more attention to me. ……并且试着让我母亲更多地注意我。
【点拨】 pay attention to 意为“注意……”,to为介词,后面可接表示人或物的词。例如:
He didn’t pay enough attention to his spelling. 他不够注意拼写。
8. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为16岁大的人是不应被允许开车的。
【点拨】 含有情态动词的被动语态,其结构为“情态动词 be 动词的过去分词”,否定句是在情态动词的后面加上not,一般疑问句把情态动词提到句首。例如:
The trees should be watered often. 这些树应该常浇水。
Food and drink should not be taken into the concert hall. 不应该把食物和饮料带进音乐厅。
9. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们说话而不是做作业。
【点拨】 instead of是复合介词,意为“代替;而不是”,后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语或动词-ing形式;而instead是一个副词,意为“代替;顶替”,一般单独放在句首或句末,一般不译出来。例如:
Shall we have fish instead of meat today? 今天我们不吃肉,吃鱼好吗?
He is too tired, let me go instead. 他太累了,让我去吧。
10. —We have a lot of rules at my house. 在家里我们有很多规矩。
—So do we. 我们也有。
【点拨】 “so be (助动词、情态动词) 主语”结构,表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物,此时主语与前句中的主语不一致,主、谓语要用倒装语序,前、后两句中的时态要一致,意为“……也是如此”。而 “so 主语 be (助动词、情态动词)”结构,用来加强语气,表示赞同,意为“的确如此”,主谓语不倒装。例如:
You like English. So does he. 你喜欢英语,他也喜欢英语。
—It’s too hot today. 今天太热了。
—So it is. 的确如此。
11. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。
【点拨】 stay up意为“熬夜、不睡觉”,相当于not go to bed,是一个由“动词 副词”构成的短语动词。例如:
I stayed up yesterday to prepare for the exam. 我昨天熬夜准备考试。
12. What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你将干什么?
If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. 如果我是你的话,我就会穿上衬衣,打上领带。
【点拨】在虚拟语气中,表示与现在事实相反的情况时,从句中的谓语动词要用过去时,主句要用“would/should 动词原形”;从句中的谓语动词是be时,不管主语是第几人称,动词be一般都要用were。
13. It must be Mary’s. 它一定是玛丽的。
It can’t be John’s. 它不可能是约翰的。
【点拨】 情态动词must可用来表示肯定推测,意为“一定、必定”,表明说话人对所判断的事情有很大把握。在表示否定的推测时,要用can’t,意为“不可能”,而不可用mustn’t(不应该;不准)。
巩固练习
()1. —________ did you tell him about the news?
—By _______ an e-mail.
A. How; sending B. How; send
C. How; sent D. What; sending
()2. —Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing?
—I’m afraid you need to ________ on the Internet.
A. look for it B. look at it
C. look it over D. look it up
()3. Bill won’t make any progress _________ he studies harder than before.
A. if B. when C. because D. unless
()4. She _________ in a toy factory, but now she has a shop of her own.
A. is used to work B. was used to work
C. used to working D. used to work
()5. In the end, he decided to send the sick child to hospital. (找出与下划线部分意思相同的选项)
A. At once B. At last C. At first
()6. Food and drink should _________ to bring into the reading room.
A. not be allowing B. allow
C. not be allowed
()7. —I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
—________.
A. So have I B. So I have
C. So do I D. SoI do
()8. —Don’t ________too late, or you will be tired tomorrow.
—I won’t, Mom.
A. stay up B. get up C. wake up
()9. If I ________ a million dollars, I’d give it to medical research.
A. had B. were C. have D. will
()10. If I ________ you, I’d take the small apple.
A. am B. were C.was
()11. —Look! It ________ be the new woman manager.
—It ________ be her. She has just left for Shanghai.
A. can; mustn’t B. must; can’t
C. must; mustn’t D. can’t; must
12. 因为下雨,他没去打篮球。
He didn’t play basketball ________ _________ the rain.
13. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes in class. You won’t be __________ __________(嘲笑).
14. 我们为将主办2010年世博会的城市感到自豪。
We _________ _________ _________ our city which will host the 2010 World Expo.
15. 根据句子意思,在空格中填写适当的单词,使句子完整、正确。
We should pay ____________ to your spelling while having English tests.
16. 改写句子。根据各小题A句的意思完成B句,使两句的意思基本相同。每空限填一个单词。
—The boy wanted to watch the baseball match but didn’t want to stay at home.
—The boy wanted to watch the baseball match _________ _________ staying at home.
Keys: 1~5 ADDDB 6~10 CCAAB 11. B 12. because of 13. laughed at 14. are proud of/ take pride in 15. attention 16. instead of
【点拨】 介词by在此句中表示“通过……的方式”、“以……方法、手段”的意思,后面可跟名词或动词-ing形式,在句中作方式状语。例如:
The old man makes money by writing. 那位老人靠写作赚钱。
2. Also I was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me. 我也害怕在课堂上讲话,因为我想我的同学也许会笑话我。
【点拨】 laugh at意为“因……而发笑,嘲笑”。
3. And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy. 如果我们不处理我们的问题,我们很容易不开心。
【点拨】 unless意为“除非;如果不”,是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意思,相当于if条件从句的否定形式,因此,unless = if... not。例如: I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 我明天要去那儿,除非天下雨。(= I will go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨,我明天就去那儿。)
4. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。
【点拨】 used to do sth. 表示“过去常常……”,它只有过去时,没有人称和数的变化,表示过去存在的,但现在已经停止的情况或习惯,侧重于和现在的对照。be used to意为“习惯于……”,其中to是介词,后面要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,而不可接动词原形,be也可用get或 become来替代。例如:
Mr. Li didn’t use to work in Beijing. 李老师过去不在北京工作。
I’m not used to getting up so early. 我不习惯起这么早。
5. In the end, she made a difficult decision. 最终,她做出了一个很难的决定。
【点拨】 in the end是一个介词短语,意为“最后;终于”,在句中一般用作状语,相当于at last或finally。
6. ... and would always take pride in everything good I do. ……将为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。
【点拨】 take pride in意为“对……感到自豪”,也可用be proud of来表示,但pride是名词,proud是形容词。例如:
She takes pride in her success. = She is proud of her success. 她为自己的成功感到自豪。
7. ... and have tried to make my mother pay more attention to me. ……并且试着让我母亲更多地注意我。
【点拨】 pay attention to 意为“注意……”,to为介词,后面可接表示人或物的词。例如:
He didn’t pay enough attention to his spelling. 他不够注意拼写。
8. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为16岁大的人是不应被允许开车的。
【点拨】 含有情态动词的被动语态,其结构为“情态动词 be 动词的过去分词”,否定句是在情态动词的后面加上not,一般疑问句把情态动词提到句首。例如:
The trees should be watered often. 这些树应该常浇水。
Food and drink should not be taken into the concert hall. 不应该把食物和饮料带进音乐厅。
9. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们说话而不是做作业。
【点拨】 instead of是复合介词,意为“代替;而不是”,后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语或动词-ing形式;而instead是一个副词,意为“代替;顶替”,一般单独放在句首或句末,一般不译出来。例如:
Shall we have fish instead of meat today? 今天我们不吃肉,吃鱼好吗?
He is too tired, let me go instead. 他太累了,让我去吧。
10. —We have a lot of rules at my house. 在家里我们有很多规矩。
—So do we. 我们也有。
【点拨】 “so be (助动词、情态动词) 主语”结构,表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物,此时主语与前句中的主语不一致,主、谓语要用倒装语序,前、后两句中的时态要一致,意为“……也是如此”。而 “so 主语 be (助动词、情态动词)”结构,用来加强语气,表示赞同,意为“的确如此”,主谓语不倒装。例如:
You like English. So does he. 你喜欢英语,他也喜欢英语。
—It’s too hot today. 今天太热了。
—So it is. 的确如此。
11. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。
【点拨】 stay up意为“熬夜、不睡觉”,相当于not go to bed,是一个由“动词 副词”构成的短语动词。例如:
I stayed up yesterday to prepare for the exam. 我昨天熬夜准备考试。
12. What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你将干什么?
If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. 如果我是你的话,我就会穿上衬衣,打上领带。
【点拨】在虚拟语气中,表示与现在事实相反的情况时,从句中的谓语动词要用过去时,主句要用“would/should 动词原形”;从句中的谓语动词是be时,不管主语是第几人称,动词be一般都要用were。
13. It must be Mary’s. 它一定是玛丽的。
It can’t be John’s. 它不可能是约翰的。
【点拨】 情态动词must可用来表示肯定推测,意为“一定、必定”,表明说话人对所判断的事情有很大把握。在表示否定的推测时,要用can’t,意为“不可能”,而不可用mustn’t(不应该;不准)。
巩固练习
()1. —________ did you tell him about the news?
—By _______ an e-mail.
A. How; sending B. How; send
C. How; sent D. What; sending
()2. —Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing?
—I’m afraid you need to ________ on the Internet.
A. look for it B. look at it
C. look it over D. look it up
()3. Bill won’t make any progress _________ he studies harder than before.
A. if B. when C. because D. unless
()4. She _________ in a toy factory, but now she has a shop of her own.
A. is used to work B. was used to work
C. used to working D. used to work
()5. In the end, he decided to send the sick child to hospital. (找出与下划线部分意思相同的选项)
A. At once B. At last C. At first
()6. Food and drink should _________ to bring into the reading room.
A. not be allowing B. allow
C. not be allowed
()7. —I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
—________.
A. So have I B. So I have
C. So do I D. SoI do
()8. —Don’t ________too late, or you will be tired tomorrow.
—I won’t, Mom.
A. stay up B. get up C. wake up
()9. If I ________ a million dollars, I’d give it to medical research.
A. had B. were C. have D. will
()10. If I ________ you, I’d take the small apple.
A. am B. were C.was
()11. —Look! It ________ be the new woman manager.
—It ________ be her. She has just left for Shanghai.
A. can; mustn’t B. must; can’t
C. must; mustn’t D. can’t; must
12. 因为下雨,他没去打篮球。
He didn’t play basketball ________ _________ the rain.
13. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes in class. You won’t be __________ __________(嘲笑).
14. 我们为将主办2010年世博会的城市感到自豪。
We _________ _________ _________ our city which will host the 2010 World Expo.
15. 根据句子意思,在空格中填写适当的单词,使句子完整、正确。
We should pay ____________ to your spelling while having English tests.
16. 改写句子。根据各小题A句的意思完成B句,使两句的意思基本相同。每空限填一个单词。
—The boy wanted to watch the baseball match but didn’t want to stay at home.
—The boy wanted to watch the baseball match _________ _________ staying at home.
Keys: 1~5 ADDDB 6~10 CCAAB 11. B 12. because of 13. laughed at 14. are proud of/ take pride in 15. attention 16. instead of