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小麦是中国重要的粮食作物,然而近些年却在不断萎缩,肥料投入不合理导致成本过高是主要原因。本文利用农户调查数据,通过主成分分析筛选出同一类农户,通过建立肥料效应函数定量评价了中国小麦施肥水平。结果发现如果按照经济效益来评价,我国75%的小麦种植户已经超量使用化肥,而如果从产量效率来说,却有74%农户需要增加化肥。这些结果都说明中国化肥过量使用已经比较明显,施肥不经济,盲目追求高产。未来应从产量、收益甚至环境保护等角度综合引导农户合理施肥。
Wheat is an important food crop in China. However, it has been declining in recent years. It is mainly due to the high cost of irrational fertilizer investment. In this paper, we use the household survey data to screen the same type of farmer by principal component analysis and quantitatively evaluate the fertilization level of Chinese wheat by establishing fertilizer effect function. The results showed that 75% of the wheat growers in our country have overused chemical fertilizers if evaluated in terms of economic benefits, while 74% need to increase their fertilizers in terms of yield efficiency. All of these results show that the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in China has become more obvious. Fertilization is not economical and blind pursuit of high yield. The future should be from the perspective of production, income and even environmental protection, comprehensive guidance farmers rational fertilization.