目的通过分析2001-2015年湖北省监测资料,了解湖北省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征,为疾病的预防和控制提供依据。方法收集2001-2015年湖北省法定传染病疫情年报表和中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的HFRS病例资料及哨点监测资料,采用描述性统计方法进行分析。结果 2001-2015年湖北省累计报告HFRS病例4 943例,死亡139例,平均发病率0.5642/10万,平均病死率3.04%。发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势,病死率在2005年和2013年出现2个高峰,近2年呈下降趋势。实验室确诊病例的比例总体虽偏低(21.07%),但2011-2015年有明显增加(49.30%)。病例主要分布在我省中部的农村地区,地貌主要为平原和丘陵。全省每年发病呈明显的春夏季(4-7月)和秋冬季(10月至翌年1月)2个季节高峰,两峰总体差异不大,近2年差异逐渐缩小。男女性别比为2.85∶1,40~59岁年龄组病例最多(49.75%);在2004-2015年报告病例中,职业以农民最多(75.87%)。宿主动物以褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,平均鼠密度居民区高于野外,其差异有统计学意义(χ~2=311.345,P<0.001);秋季高于春季,其差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.972,P<0.001);全省平均发病率与鼠带毒率之间有很高的线性相关性(r=0.985);病原学监测黑线姬鼠检出以汉滩病毒为主,褐家鼠为汉城病毒。结论发病率与鼠带毒率密切相关。湖北省为HFRS混合型疫区,病例分布呈高度散发和相对集中的特点,防控形势依然严峻。 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei Province by analyzing the monitoring data from 2001 to 2015 in Hubei province and provide the basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods The data of HFRS cases and sentinel surveillance data collected from the annual reports of legal infectious diseases in Hubei Province during 2001-2015 and the reports of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results A total of 4 943 HFRS cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2001 to 2015, 139 of them died. The average incidence rate was 0.5642 / 100000 with an average mortality rate of 3.04%. The overall incidence showed a declining trend year by year. The case fatality rate showed two peaks in 2005 and 2013 and a downward trend in the past two years. Although the overall proportion of laboratory confirmed cases was low (21.07%), there was a significant increase (49.30%) between 2011 and 2015. The cases are mainly distributed in rural areas in the central part of our province, with the topographies mainly being plains and hills. The annual incidence of the province is obvious in spring and summer (April-July) and autumn and winter (October to January next year) two seasons peak, the overall difference between the two peaks, the difference gradually narrowed in the past two years. The male / female ratio was 2.85: 1, with the highest in the 40-59 age group (49.75%). Among the reported cases in 2004-2015, the occupations were farmers (75.87%). The host animals were Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius, the average rodent density was higher in the residential areas than in the wild (χ ~ 2 = 311.345, P <0.001) (Χ ~ 2 = 20.972, P <0.001). There was a high linear correlation between the average incidence rate of the province and the virulence rate of rats (r = 0.985). The etiological monitoring of Apodemus agrarius Hantaan virus, Rattus norvegicus Seoul virus. Conclusions The incidence is closely related to the virulence rate in mice. Hubei Province is HFRS mixed type epidemic area, the distribution of cases is highly distributed and relatively concentrated characteristics, prevention and control of the situation is still grim.