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[目的]通过对印刷企业化学毒物的风险评估,提出相应的控制措施,探讨适用于化学毒物职业危害评价的风险评估方法。[方法]借鉴新加坡有害化学品职业暴露半定量风险分析方法,在危害级别(HR)、暴露级别(ER)的基础上增加防控级别(PR),对2家印刷企业的化学毒物职业危害进行风险评估。[结果]2家企业印刷、调墨岗位存在的化学毒物主要有甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、正己烷、环己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、异丙醇等,经检测,各岗位化学物检测浓度均符合我国职业接触限值的要求。风险评估结果显示,企业A印刷岗位接触甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯和异丙醇危害的风险等级为2级(低风险),接触其他化学物危害的风险等级为1级(可忽略风险);调墨岗位接触化学物危害的风险等级均为1级(可忽略风险)。企业B印刷岗位接触异丙醇危害的风险等级为3级(中等风险),接触其他化学物危害的风险等级为2级(低风险);调墨岗位接触化学物危害的风险等级均为2级(低风险)。[结论]改良后的半定量风险评估方法能较好地反映印刷企业的风险水平,有利于提出针对性的防控措施,为实施职业病风险控制措施提供科学依据。
[Objective] Through the risk assessment of chemical poison in printing enterprises, the corresponding control measures were put forward to explore the risk assessment methods applicable to occupational hazards assessment of chemical poisons. [Methods] Based on the semi-quantitative risk analysis method of occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in Singapore, the prevention and control level (PR) was added to the hazard level (HR) and exposure level (ER), and the occupational hazards of chemical toxins in two printing enterprises Risk assessment. [Results] The main chemical toxicants in the printing and ink refilling positions of the two companies were toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and isopropanol. Concentration of chemicals in various positions are in line with our occupational exposure limits requirements. The results of the risk assessment showed that the risk level of exposures to toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and isopropanol at printing position A was level 2 (low risk) and level 1 (negligible risk) when exposed to other chemicals. Toner exposure to chemical hazards of risk rankings are level 1 (negligible risk). Corporate B possesses a risk rating of 3 for intermediate exposure to isopropanol (medium risk) and 2 for low risk exposure to other chemicals (risk exposure); and 2 for risk of exposure to chemicals at ink refilling posts (low risk). [Conclusion] The improved semi-quantitative risk assessment method can better reflect the risk level of printing enterprises, is conducive to put forward targeted prevention and control measures, and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of risk control measures of occupational diseases.