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地方政府在科技领域的支出比重呈现整体上升趋势,这似乎与中国式财政分权体制下地方政府“重经济,轻科教文卫”的先验结论相悖。通过地方政府科技支出行为的时空间特征描述,构建了2003-2013年中国265个地级市的动态空间面板模型。研究结果表明:地方政府的科技支出策略具有显著的延续性,但同比上升幅度有限。尽管财政分权制度抑制了地方政府对科技研发的投资热情,但是地方财政科技支出比重有小幅增加,这完全是因为地方政府模仿互补的标尺竞争策略。此外,地方政府竞争对财政分权带来的科技支出结构扭曲具有显著的反向调节作用。在经济新常态下,地方政府应当从科技支出视角完善政府经济职能,深化财政制度改革,纠正财政支出结构扭曲。
The proportion of local government spending on science and technology shows an overall upward trend, which seems to contradict the priori conclusion of the local government under the Chinese-style fiscal decentralization system. Through the time-space characterization of science and technology expenditures by local governments, a dynamic spatial panel model for 265 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2013 was constructed. The results show that: the local government’s science and technology spending strategy has significant continuity, but the year-on-year increase is limited. Although the fiscal decentralization restrains the enthusiasm of local governments in investing in R & D in science and technology, the proportion of local science and technology expenditures has increased slightly. This is entirely due to the imitation of complementary benchmarking strategies by local governments. In addition, the competition of local governments has a significant negative effect on the structure distortion of science and technology expenditure caused by fiscal decentralization. Under the new economic normal, local governments should improve the government’s economic functions from the perspective of science and technology expenditures, deepen the reform of the fiscal system and correct the distortions in the structure of fiscal expenditures.