一、2010年世博会与上海 道路交通可持续发展 上海是中国人口最多的城市,也是 全国经济发展的龙头。2003年上海人均 GDP已达到一般中等发达国家的水平,居 民购买能力从万元级提高到十万元级或 者更高的水平。随着经济的快速发展,城 市机动化进程不断加快。城市机动化对 于疏散中心区的人口、改善城市空间布 局、提高居民生活质量有着积极作用。但 是,城市机动化的外部不经济及其后果 也是有目共睹的。截至2003年底,上海 市机动车保有量182万辆(其中汽车大约 80万辆,私家车大约25万辆),自行车、 助动车保有量测算约1000万辆,城市道 路交通的负荷不断加大,交通拥挤、交通 I. Sustainable Development of Shanghai World Expo 2010 with Road Traffic Shanghai is the most populous city in China and a leader of the national economy. In 2003, the per capita GDP of Shanghai has reached the level of average middle-developed countries, and the purchasing power of residents has risen from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan or higher. With the rapid economic development, urbanization has been accelerating. Urban mobility has a positive effect on evacuation of the population in the central area, improvement of urban spatial distribution and improvement of residents’ quality of life. However, the external diseconomies of urban mobility and their consequences are also obvious to all. By the end of 2003, the number of motor vehicles in Shanghai was 1.82 million (including about 800,000 cars and about 250,000 private cars), the estimated number of bicycles and mopeds was about 10 million, and the load on urban road traffic continued to increase. Traffic congestion, traffic