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目的:评估不同生长发育时期予不同饮食干预下宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)大鼠糖代谢状态及血脂水平。方法:妊娠SD母鼠随机予正常饮食(normal diet,ND)(A组)及低蛋白饮食(low protein diet,LPD)(B组)。分娩后,A组雄性新生子鼠哺乳期(during lactation,DL)其母鼠予ND,断乳后(after lactation,AL)子鼠仍予ND(Con组);B组雄性子鼠筛选出IUGR鼠。IUGR鼠予不同饮食干预:(1)DL母鼠仍予LPD,AL子鼠予高脂饮食(high fat diet,HFD)(IUGR+L+H组);(2)DL母鼠予HFD,AL子鼠予HFD(IUGR+H+H组);(3)DL母鼠予ND,AL子鼠予ND(IUGR+N组)。采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及胰岛素耐量试验(ITT)评估糖代谢状况及检测血脂水平。结果:Lee′s指数示各组IUGR雄鼠均大于Con组(均P<0.05)。OGTT显示糖负荷后30 min,IUGR+L+H组血糖高于Con组(P<0.05);120 min时,IUGR+L+H组血糖高于Con组(P<0.05)。IUGR+L+H组AUCglucose高于Con组(P<0.05)。ITT显示Insulin负荷后30 min,IUGR+L+H组血糖下降速率百分比低于Con组(P<0.05)。IUGR+L+H组HDL低于Con组(P<0.05)。结论 :IUGR雄鼠不同饮食干预成年后易出现体重超重甚至肥胖。母鼠妊娠期及哺乳期持续性低蛋白营养不良易增加子鼠糖脂代谢紊乱风险。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the glycometabolic status and serum lipid levels in rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) at different growth stages. Methods: SD pregnant rats were randomly assigned to normal diet (ND) group (A) and low protein diet (LPD) group (B). After birth, male neonatal rats in Group A were still treated with ND (Con) during their lactation (DL) and ND (Con) after their lactation (AL). Male rats in Group B were screened for IUGR mouse. IUGR rats were given different diet interventions: (1) DL maternal rats were still given LPD and AL rats for high fat diet (HFD) (IUGR + L + H group); (2) Rats were given HFD (IUGR + H + H group); (3) DL female rats were given ND and AL mice for ND (IUGR + N group). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were used to assess the glucose metabolism and the level of blood lipid. Results: Lee’s index showed that IUGR male rats in each group were significantly larger than Con group (all P <0.05). Blood glucose in IUGR + L + H group was significantly higher than that in Con group at 30 min after OGTT showed glucose load (P <0.05); at 120 min, IUGR + L + H group had higher blood glucose than Con group (P <0.05). AUCglucose in IUGR + L + H group was higher than that in Con group (P <0.05). ITT showed that 30 min after Insulin loading, the percentage of decline in blood glucose in IUGR + L + H group was lower than that in Con group (P <0.05). HDL in IUGR + L + H group was lower than that in Con group (P <0.05). Conclusion: IUGR male rats are prone to overweight and even obesity after different dietary interventions. Maternal gestational and lactating persistent low protein malnutrition easily increase the risk of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.