本世纪五十年代以来,随着人造地球卫星和载人飞船飞行实验的成功,使人类长期以来所梦想的“飞出地球去”的愿望成为现实。由于载人空间飞行的迫切需要,宇宙医学在航空医学的基础上迅速发展起来。在五十年代以前,科学技术发展的水平还不足以使人类的足迹能够离开地球周围的稠密大气层而进行远游。当时,航空医学的试验设备主要是利用气球进行高空试验。这是将人或生物通过气球送入高空,通过各种仪器测出人或动物对高空环境的适应性,了解出现的生理反应。后来,随着空间科学的发展,使宇宙医学及其相应的试验设备的研制, Since the fifties of this century, with the success of experiments on the flight of man-made earth satellites and manned spacecraft, the desire of mankind, which has long been dreamed up to fly out of the earth, has become a reality. Due to the urgent need of manned space flight, cosmic medicine developed rapidly on the basis of aeromedicine. Before the 1950s, the level of development in science and technology was not enough to allow human footprints to travel far from the dense atmosphere around Earth. At that time, aeromedical testing equipment mainly used balloons for aerial testing. This is the human or biological through the balloon into the air, through a variety of instruments to detect human or animal adaptability to the high-altitude environment, to understand the physiological response. Later, with the development of space science, the development of cosmology and its corresponding experimental equipment,