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本文介绍一种应用于智能卡的真随机数发生器,并分析了以杂凑函数SM3作为后处理算法来提高其随机数的质量.真随机数发生器是智能卡中不可缺少的一部分,它用于智能卡中机密信息的加密和签名,大多数加密系统的安全性依赖于随机数的不可预测性和不可重现性.真随机数发生器的实现电路中使用固定低频时钟采样通过反馈模式来控制的的高频时钟,采用环形振荡器在振荡过程中不断积累的抖动作为熵源,并通过三级级联的耦合方式提高输出的统计特性,促进随机性的扩散,同时相较传统环形振荡器面积也得到了节省.电路采用SMIC 0.13μm工艺平台实现,核心电路版图面积小于0.0156 mm~2,包括3个输入端口,4个输出端口.考虑到智能卡具有很高的安全需求,本文也讨论了一些常见的攻击方式及对应的预防措施.本文介绍的真随机数发生器已经完成了流片,并已对芯片进行了完整的测试.很多研究表明,后处理算法可以提高随机数的质量,本文表明测试数据在经过后处理之后,可以通过随机性测试标准.
This paper introduces a true random number generator applied to smart card and analyzes the improvement of the quality of its random numbers by using the hash function SM3 as a post-processing algorithm.The true random number generator is an indispensable part of the smart card, which is used in the smart card In the encryption and signature of the confidential information, the security of most encryption systems depends on the unpredictability and non-reproducibility of the random number.The implementation of the real random number generator uses a fixed low-frequency clock sampling through the feedback mode to control The high-frequency clock uses the jitter accumulated by the ring oscillator during the oscillation process as the entropy source and improves the statistical characteristics of the output through the coupling of the three cascades to promote the randomization. Compared with the conventional ring oscillator area The circuit is implemented with the SMIC 0.13μm process platform, and the core circuit layout area is less than 0.0156 mm ~ 2, including 3 input ports and 4 output ports. Considering the high security requirements of smart cards, this article also discusses some common Attack methods and the corresponding preventive measures.This article describes the true random number generator has been completed flow chip, and has been on the chip Complete test. Many studies have shown that post-processing algorithm can improve the quality of random numbers, this indicates that the test data after after treatment, by standard tests of randomness.