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电子心脏起搏器治疗已成为心律失常特别是严重缓慢型心律失常的首选治疗方法。虽然电子心脏起搏器的技术逐渐完善,但仍存在一定的缺陷。近十多年来,研究证实可以通过基因治疗和细胞治疗构建生物起搏器;随着分子生物学和细胞生物学的发展,生物心脏起搏技术不断取得突破。目前构建生物心脏起搏器的方法有两种,一种是将起搏相关基因导入间充质干细胞,另一种是将多能干细胞诱导分化为窦房结样起搏细胞。本文针对生物心脏起搏器的最新研究进展进行综述,并归纳分析生物心脏起搏过程中存在的问题以及未来的重点研究方向。
Electronic pacemaker treatment has become the preferred treatment of arrhythmias, especially severe, slow-onset arrhythmias. Although the technology of electronic pacemakers gradually improved, but there are still some shortcomings. For more than a decade, research has confirmed that biological pacemakers can be constructed through gene therapy and cell therapy. With advances in molecular biology and cell biology, bio-pacemaker technology continues to make breakthroughs. At present, there are two ways to construct pacemakers: one is to introduce pacing-related genes into mesenchymal stem cells and the other is to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into sinoatrial node-like paced cells. This review summarizes the latest research progress of bio pacemakers and summarizes the problems existing in the process of bioarterial pacing as well as the key research directions in the future.