目的：研究肾移植受者手术前后人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）的感染率及ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ含量变化。方法：采用半套式荧光定量聚合酶链反应（ＡｍｐｌｉＳｅｎｓｏｒＰＣＲ）方法定量检测术前肾移植受者６１例，术后３２例，用四格表比较手术前、后的感染率，用ｔ检验比较病毒含量。结果：手术前、后肾移植受者ＨＣＭＶ的感染率分别为７７％和８７５％；ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ平均含量（拷贝数每升）分别是１０７×１０７Ｌ－１和７４１×１０７Ｌ－１，两者之间感染率无显著差异（χ２＝１６５Ｐ＞００５），但病毒平均含量存在极显著差异（ｔ＝６４６Ｐ＜００１）。结论：研究结果显示：①免疫抑制治疗激活了潜伏性ＨＣＭＶ感染，导致术后ＨＣＭＶ含量显著增加；②决定肾移植受者ＨＣＭＶ感染状态的主要是机体本身的免疫力，减少ＨＣＭＶ感染，术后合理使用免疫抑制剂，避免过度抑制可能更重要 Objective: To study the infection rate and HCMVDNA content of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) before and after renal transplantation. Methods: Sixty-one cases of preoperative renal transplant recipients were quantitatively examined by semi-cuff method of AmpliSensor-PCR. Thirty-two cases of postoperative renal transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. Before and after infection, Compare virus content. Results: The infection rates of HCMV before and after renal transplantation were 77% and 875%, respectively. The average content of HCMVDNA (copy number per liter) was 107 × 107L-1 and 741 × 107L -1, there was no significant difference between the two (χ2 = 165 P> 005), but there was a significant difference in the average virus content (t = 646 P <001). Conclusions: The results showed that: ① immunosuppressive therapy activated latent HCMV infection, leading to a significant increase in postoperative HCMV content; ② determine the status of HCMV infection in renal transplant recipients is mainly the body’s own immunity, reduce HCMV infection, postoperative reasonable It may be more important to use immunosuppressants to avoid over-inhibition