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背景:在中国目前还缺乏针对残疾人的心理健康状况的代表性研究。目的:在中国武汉具有代表性的严重视觉障碍的人群中,评估抑郁症状的发生率及其相关因素。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,从武汉市残疾人联合会注册的22000名严重视力残疾的人群中抽取1200例。训练有素的调查员使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D)及修订版艾森克人格问卷简式量表(EPQ-RSC)中文版对样本人群进行评估。结果:成功完成调查的1003个人中轻度,中度和重度抑郁症状的校正患病率分别为8.8%(95%CI=5.7-11.8%),15.6%(95%CI=12.8-18.5%)和16.0%(95%CI=13.7-18.3%)。多因素逻辑回归分析显示,与严重抑郁症状显著相关的因素有(按重要性顺序)情绪不稳定(OR=5.84,CI=4.19-8.14),内向性格(OR=2.94,CI=2.10-4.12),有宗教信仰(OR=2.03,CI=1.06-3.90),失明(相对于那些仅有视力受损)(OR=1.52,CI=1.09-1.95),未婚(OR=1.51,CI=1.06-2.15),以及文化程度低(OR=1.49,CI=1.06-2.10)。结论:武汉残联注册的所有视碍人员有超过三分之一存在显著临床意义的抑郁症状。这些人几乎没有接受治疗。针对有严重视觉障碍患者的服务,也包括对其他严重的身体或感官残疾患者的服务,应包括开展改善心理健康的活动,定期筛查心理问题,以及必要时对精神障碍进行专业的治疗。
Background: There is currently no representative study in China on the mental health status of persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors in a population of people with severe visual impairment in Wuhan, China. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1200 cases of 22000 people with severe vision disabilities who registered with Wuhan Disabled Persons’ Federation. Well-trained investigators assessed the sample population using the Epidemiology Research Center Depression Scale (CES-D) and the revised version of the Chinese version of the EPQ-RSC Revised Eysenck Personality Inventory. RESULTS: The corrected prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and major depressive symptoms in 1003 individuals who completed the survey were 8.8% (95% CI = 5.7-11.8%), 15.6% (95% CI = 12.8-18.5%), And 16.0% (95% CI = 13.7-18.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with severe depressive symptoms were emotional instability (OR = 5.84, CI = 4.19-8.14) and introverted (OR = 2.94, CI = 2.10-4.12) , Religious beliefs (OR = 2.03, CI = 1.06-3.90), blindness (relative to those with only impaired vision) (OR 1.52, CI 1.09-1.95), unmarried (OR 1.51 CI 1.06-2.15 ), And a low level of education (OR = 1.49, CI = 1.06-2.10). CONCLUSIONS: Over one-third of all visually impaired persons registered with the WUFI have significant clinical symptoms of depression. These people have almost no treatment. Services for people with severe visual impairment also include services to other severely disabled persons with physical or sensory impairments, including mental health improvement activities, regular screening of psychological problems and, if necessary, professional treatment of mental disorders.