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目的了解重症监护病房(ICU)患者发生医院感染的危险因素,为制定医院感染的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法按照《实用医院感染监测方法与技术》中的目标性监测方法,监测2012年1月—12月入住河南省肿瘤医院ICU≥48h的住院患者。结果共监测住院患者794例,发生医院感染36例,感染率为4.53%,日感染率为17.570‰,经患者平均病情严重程度(ASIS)调整后日感染率为6.479‰。其中呼吸机相关性肺炎8人,日感染率8.368‰,中心静脉导管相关性血流感染3人,日感染率为1.541‰;无留置导尿管相关性泌尿道感染发生。共检出病原菌45株,以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占66.67%。结论 ICU开展目标性监测可以动态了解ICU的医院感染情况,并针对监测过程中发现的问题,及时提出科学的预防控制措施,从而降低ICU医院感染发生率。
Objective To understand the risk factors for nosocomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to provide a scientific basis for the development of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures. Methods According to the target monitoring method in “Practical nosocomial infection monitoring methods and techniques”, inpatients admitted to ICU≥48h from January 2012 to December 2012 in Henan Cancer Hospital were monitored. Results A total of 794 inpatients were hospitalized and 36 cases were hospitalized. The infection rate was 4.53%. The daily infection rate was 17.570 ‰. The daily prevalence was 6.479 ‰ after adjusting for the average severity of illness (ASIS). Among them, 8 were ventilator-associated pneumonia, with a daily infection rate of 8.368 ‰. There were 3 central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections, with a daily prevalence of 1.541 ‰. No indwelling catheter-related urinary tract infection occurred. A total of 45 pathogenic bacteria were detected, with Gram-negative bacteria as the dominant species, accounting for 66.67%. CONCLUSIONS: ICU conducts targeted surveillance to dynamically understand the nosocomial infection in the ICU. In the meantime, scientific prevention and control measures should be put forward in time to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in the ICU.