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1960年Maiman发明了世界上第一台激光器后,1968年Mulveney等就率先进行了激光破碎尿路结石的研究。二十年来,国内外数小组先后进行了这一课题的研究。综合所研究的碎石方式,大致分为四类:(1)CO_2激光碎石;(2)Nd-YAG激光碎石;(3)Q开关脉冲激光转换冲击波碎石;(4)脉冲染料激光碎石。因CO_2激光和Nd-MAG激光发展较早,易于制作,早期的研究多采用这两类激光。CO_2激光碎石效能高,但存在几个缺点:(1)主要靠热效应来破碎结石,易产生高热,损伤周围组织;(2)水对CO_2激光吸收率高,不能传导;(3)尚无实用的导光纤维配用,不便腔内使用。Nd-YAG激光具有三种发射形式:连续波,脉冲和Q
After Maiman invented the world’s first laser in 1960, Mulveney and others took the lead in the study of laser-crushed urolithiasis in 1968. In the past two decades, several groups at home and abroad have conducted research on this topic. Based on the study of the gravel methods, they are divided into four categories: (1) CO_2 laser lithotripsy; (2) Nd-YAG laser lithotripsy; (3) Q-switched pulsed laser conversion shockwave lithotripsy; (4) pulsed dye laser gravel. Because of CO 2 laser and Nd-MAG laser developed earlier, easy to make, early research and more use of these two types of laser. CO 2 laser lithotripsy is highly effective, but has several disadvantages: (1) it mainly crushes the stones by the thermal effect, easily produces high heat and damages the surrounding tissues; (2) the water absorbs CO 2 laser with a high rate and can not conduct; (3) Practical fiber with optical fiber, inconvenience to use within the cavity. Nd-YAG laser has three emission forms: continuous wave, pulse and Q.