怎样认识中国从先进走向落后,中国为什么从先进走向落后,一直是史学界乃至国人关注的重大问题。许多人热衷于抨击明朝的腐败,同时也热衷于称颂清朝康雍乾盛世。如果孤立地谈论这两个事实,似乎并没有找到中国走向落后的病根。而将明代中后期与清朝前期联系起来观察,人们则不难从众所周知的事实中看出问题的症结。解体中的明朝给新事物的发展提供了可乘之机,强化的清朝统治却阻断了前进的步伐。 How to recognize that China has gone backward from advanced level and why China has moved backward from advanced level has always been a major issue that historians and even Chinese people are concerned about. Many are keen to criticize the corruption in the Ming dynasty, while also keen to praise the Qing Emperor Kang Yong and Qianlong. If we talk about these two facts in isolation, it seems that we have not found the root cause of China’s backwardness. While linking the middle and late Ming Dynasty with the early Qing Dynasty, it is not difficult for people to see the crux of the problem from the well-known facts. The disintegration of the Ming dynasty provided an opportunity for the development of new things, and the strengthened Qing rule blocked the pace of progress.