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为了解长期种植大棚草莓对土壤磷素积累的影响、完善大棚草莓科学施肥,连续7年在建德市定点动态检测了设施草莓园土壤有效磷的积累速率,采样分析了种植草莓10年以上土壤有效磷的状况,并分析了代表性草莓品种各器官的氮、磷、钾含量。结果表明,7年间草莓园土壤有效磷从10.80 mg/kg提高到97.3 mg/kg,年平均积累速率达14.4 mg/kg;连续种植草莓10年以上的土壤有效磷含量平均198.7 mg/kg,最高249 mg/kg。根据草莓对氮、磷、钾吸收的观测数据和施肥状况测算,目前建德市草莓生产中施肥总量与磷肥用量分别过量30%左右和60%以上。长期施用等含量氮、磷、钾的复合肥是导致草莓园土壤磷素过度积累的主要原因。建议推广施用高氮钾低磷配方肥和有机肥,一季草莓氮磷钾施用量控制在32 kg以内,氮磷钾比例调整为1.8∶1∶2.5为宜。
In order to understand the impact of long-term planting strawberries on the accumulation of soil phosphorus, and to improve the science and fertilization of strawberry in greenhouses, the accumulation rate of soil available phosphorus in strawberry plantation was dynamically detected in Jiande City for seven consecutive years. Available phosphorus, and analyzed the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various organs of representative strawberry varieties. The results showed that the available phosphorus in strawberry garden increased from 10.80 mg / kg to 97.3 mg / kg in seven years, and the annual average accumulation rate was 14.4 mg / kg. The content of available phosphorus in strawberries continuously cultivated for more than 10 years was 198.7 mg / kg, the highest 249 mg / kg. According to the data of strawberry’s absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the estimation of fertilization status, the total amount of fertilization and phosphorus fertilizer in strawberry production in Jiande is over 30% and 60% respectively. Long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers is the main reason for excessive phosphorus accumulation in strawberry garden soil. Proposed to promote the use of high nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer, a quarter of strawberry nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dosage control within 32 kg, N, P and K ratio adjusted to 1.8: 1: 2.5 is appropriate.