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Chomsky的普遍语法理论是针对儿童学母语过程中的“刺激贫乏论”提出来的。这一理论认为人脑天生就具有人类一切语言的共性——普遍语法。语言学家一直在探索学习者是怎样运用普遍语法学习第二语言的。根据普遍语法原理,二语和母语存在共有的属性,二语的学习意味着在普遍语法模式下对参数进行重新设置。在重新设置参数的过程中,学习者会受到母语的迁移作用影响。假如学习者能在普遍语法原理的指导下充分利用母语的正面迁移作用,这将会极大地促进二语学习。本文主要探讨学习者是怎样运用普遍语法习得二语的,同时结合普遍语法理论提出了一些教学上的建议。
Chomsky’s theory of universal grammar is based on “stimulating poverty” in the mother tongue learning process of children. This theory holds that the human brain is born with the commonness of all human languages - universal grammar. Linguists have been exploring how learners use common grammar to learn a second language. According to the universal grammar principle, the second language and the mother tongue have the common attribute. Second language learning means to reset the parameters in the universal grammar mode. In the process of resetting the parameters, learners are affected by the transfer of their mother tongue. If learners can make full use of the positive transfer of their mother tongue under the guidance of universal grammar, it will greatly facilitate second language learning. This paper mainly discusses how learners use second language to acquire universal grammar, and puts forward some teaching suggestions based on universal grammar theory.