Objective:Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathological conclusion of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaque accumulation in vulnerable regions of the brain. The accumulation of amyloid-β peptides(Aβ)plays a key role in AD pathogenesis. The molecular culprit in AD is the Aβ,which derives from the amyloid precursor protein(APP)through sequential cleavage by the two proteasesβ- andγ-secretase. In contrast,α-secretase cleaves APP within the Aβdomain,thus preventing Aβgeneration. In this study,we tried to investigate the effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids (DNLA)on α,βandγ-secretase of hippocampal neurons in SD Rat. Methods:Primary hippocampal neurons of rat were cultured till the 8th day. Neurons purity was detected by immunofluorescence technique. The neurons were exposed to DNLA(0.35,3.5,35,350,700 ng·mL-1,respectively), then cultured for another 48 h and used for further detection. The cells activity was measured by methylthiazoldiphenyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay. West blot measured the protein expression of APP,α-secretase(ADAM10 and ADAM17),β-secretase(BACE1),γ-secretase(PS1)and Aβ42. Results:Neurons purity was,at least,84.5％. The cell activity of viable hippocampal neurons was not changed significantly after the treatment with DNLA. However,DNLA reduced the protein expression of APP, ADAM10,BACE1 and Aβ42 of hippocampal neurons,increased the protein expression of ADAM17 and PS1,but the PS1 not significantly. Conclusion:DNLA reduced the protein expression of APP, ADAM10,BACE1 of hippocampal neurons in rat,increased the protein expression of ADAM17. And then reduced the protein expression of Aβ42. It suggests that DNLA has a potential health care value.