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目的:确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,并将其作为主要的规划指标,研究其对室外风环境的影响。创新点:在以高层、高密度为特点的城市建设中,一个地块的用地规划指标可直接影响居住区的室外物理环境质量。一个高层建筑群的规划设计不应该只关注建筑物,还应考虑室外物理环境的品质。本研究从室外风环境角度出发,对13种“容积率-建筑密度-建筑层数”指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行对比,从而得到可直接服务于城市建设项目的规划策略。方法:1.通过确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,建立三维高层建筑群布局模型,列出19种可能的指标组合(图2);2.通过日照模拟分析工具Tarch和建筑消防间距计算筛选出13种符合当前规划要求的指标组合;3.运用风环境模拟软件Phoenics,对13种指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行风环境模拟运算;利用图形分析软件Photoshop CS,计算出舒适风面积比值,并进行相互对比(图3和4);4.根据土建造价对不同建筑群布局的总造价进行对比(图6)。结论:在规划设计中,通常认为较低的容积率和较低的建筑高度意味着建筑体量较小,室外物理环境会更好。但是,本研究发现建筑层数越多、建筑高度越高,行人高度的室外舒适风区面积越大。不过,建筑层数从25层升到30层,舒适风区面积增加有限。加之考虑层数越高导致造价越高的因素,当面对容积率为2.0~4.0的高层地块时,不能简单地认为建筑层数最高的规划方案就是最好的方案。
Aims: To determine the relationship between building volume ratio, building density and building number, and use it as the main planning index to study its impact on outdoor wind environment. Innovative point: In the urban construction characterized by high-rise and high-density, the land use planning index of a plot can directly affect the outdoor physical environment quality of the residential area. The planning and design of a high-rise complex should not focus on buildings alone, but should also consider the quality of the outdoor physical environment. From the perspective of outdoor wind environment, this study compared the layout of high-rise buildings with 13 kinds of “floor area ratio-building density-building floor” index combination to get the planning strategy that could directly serve urban construction projects. Methods: 1.Determine the relationship between building volume ratio, building density and building layers, establish a three-dimensional high-rise building group layout model, lists 19 possible combinations of indicators (Figure 2); 2. Through sunshine simulation analysis tool Tarch And building firefighting distance, 13 kinds of index combinations that meet the current planning requirements were screened out.3. The Phoenics simulation software for wind environment was used to simulate the wind environment of the high-rise buildings formed by the combination of 13 kinds of indicators. Using the graphic analysis software Photoshop CS, Calculate the ratio of comfortable wind area, and compare with each other (Figure 3 and 4); 4 according to the cost of civil construction of different layout of the total cost of buildings compared (Figure 6). Conclusion: In planning and design, it is generally accepted that lower floor area ratios and lower building heights mean less building volume and better outdoor physical environment. However, this study found that the more building layers, the higher the building height, the larger the outdoor comfort wind area of pedestrian height. However, the number of building floors has risen from 25 to 30, and the area of comfort winds has been limited. Coupled with the considerations of the higher the number of floors, the higher the cost, the highest floor plan can not be considered simply as the best plan when the floor area ratio is between 2.0 and 4.0.