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本文运用DEA模型测算了全国和各地区科技研发效率的Malmquist指数及其分解指标。DEA模型测算结果显示:1999-2003年,我国科技研发投入全要素生产率(TFP)的增长幅度为5.07%,且TFP增长主要根源于技术效率的改进和扩散,而整个科学技术研究领域的原始创新能力仍然不足,对研发效率提升的作用不明显;2003-2007年,我国研发投入的TFP增幅为29.4%,TFP增长受到技术进步和技术效率改进的双重影响,但原始创新能力提升对研发效率改善的效果更明显。从各地情况看,1999-2003年,北京、黑龙江、青海和新疆等15个省(市、区)研发效率呈正向增长态势,上海和浙江保持不变,河北、山西和云南等13个省(市、区)的研发效率呈衰退状态;2003-2007年,四川、陕西、江苏和江西等20个省(市、区)的研发效率呈正向增长态势;上海、浙江和海南等3个省(市)的研发效率保持不变;新疆、重庆和内蒙古等7个省(市、区)研发效率呈下降趋势。论文提出,今后应更加注重优化国有研发资源的投入结构,强化基础研究领域的资源配置,加快国家科技计划管理体制改革等对策建议。
This paper uses the DEA model to calculate the Malmquist index and its decomposition index of the national and regional R & D efficiency. The result of DEA model shows that from 1999 to 2003, the total factor productivity (TFP) of China's R & D investment has increased by 5.07%, and the growth of TFP mainly comes from the improvement and proliferation of technical efficiency. However, the original innovation in the whole area of science and technology research The TFP growth rate of R & D investment in China was 29.4% from 2003 to 2007, while the growth of TFP was affected both by technological progress and technical efficiency improvement. However, the improvement of R & D efficiency due to the improvement of original innovation capacity The effect is more obvious. From 1999 to 2003, the research and development efficiency of 15 provinces (cities, districts) such as Beijing, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Xinjiang showed a positive growth trend while that of Shanghai and Zhejiang remained unchanged. In 13 provinces (Hebei, Shanxi and Yunnan) The research and development efficiency of 20 provinces (cities, districts) such as Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Jiangxi showed a positive growth trend in 2003-2007. In three provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hainan) City) remained unchanged; the research and development efficiency in seven provinces (cities, districts) such as Xinjiang, Chongqing and Inner Mongolia showed a downward trend. The paper proposes that in the future more attention should be paid to optimizing the input structure of state-owned research and development resources, strengthening the allocation of resources in basic research fields and speeding up the reform of the national science and technology plan management system.